Test

Today in class we took a test. I think I did okay but I got a fief and a vassal mixed up. There were only 15 questions, so hopefully that's the only one I got wrong. I only have an 85% in this class, so I really need to do good on this test. It wasn't hard but there was a lot of memorizing to do with the vocab.

Feudalism Project

Feudalism: describes the type of government institutions, as well as the general social and political relationships, that existed among the warrior-landholders in much of Europe during the Middle Agesfeudal compact: An arrangement between a lord and his vassal involving the exchange of property for personal servicefief: a grant of land and accompanying government responsibilities and power vassal: servantknight: warriorhomage: a vassal's act of promising loyalty and obedience to the lordserf: laborersbaron: a great lord who exercised government authority over vast family territorypeasantry: lower end of the common people in the Middle Agesestates: in the Middle Ages, the groups that made up society: often defined as those who pray (clergy), those who fight (nobility), and those who work (peasantry)manor: the principal farming property and social unit of a medieval community, usually belonging to a member of the feudal nobility or to a Church institutionthree-field-system: a method of crop rotation designed to maintain the fertility of the soil and to provide or a regular supply of fall and spring cropsinternal colonization: the process of cultivating and settling in formerly wild landsuburb: outside of the city wallsguild: an organization of craftsman who regulated the activities of their members and set standard pricesmaster: a craftsman who had the right to operate workshops, train others, and vote on guild businessjourneyman: a licensed artisan who had served an apprenticeship and who was employed by a master and paid at a fixed rate per dayapprentice: a learner in the shop of a master, does the jobs nobody wants to domasterpiece: created by a journeymen to become a masterwater mill: iron plow: As the plow moves, the cotter (the vertical blade) slices through the earth; the plowshare then rips the earth up from underneath; and the moldboard (beneath the handles) shoves against the earth, turning it over so that it settles as loose and fertile soil. 

Maxwell & David

Today Maxwell and David taught the class. They didn't do a very good job, since we dont really know that much about the information they were presenting. They pretty much just read off of the slideshow. It was getting really boring and nobody was paying attention so Kelley and I began to act out the information they were saying. But it was hard to act out so it didn't work to well. Holly thought Kelley and I were being annoying but who cares.

Notes from Class from Powerpoint

Feudalism is a term used by historians to describe the governmental system and the relationships between landowners and warriors. Warriors (knights) would pledge his allegiance to a lord, who would in turn give the warrior land. The lord would grant a fief (property) to the warrior, who would then become the lord's servant (vassal), this was known as "feudal compact." The vassal must fight for the lord when he needs it and attend his court once a month. The knight is required to pay homage to his lord. Men were apprenticed to older knights before they could become a full knight. When a knight died, his fief wold revert to his son, thought his lord would be protector of that son if he was underage,  or if it was a daughter. Some clergy (priests) were also knights. Barons were lord of large territories who usually paid homage to a king. Often a baron's army could outnumber a king's army, keeping a check on the king's power.

Medieval society was divided into three "estates": the clergy, the nobility, and the common people. Usually, the common people farmed on large plantation know as "manors" which were owned by a lord or lady of the nobility (or a member of the clergy). Iron plows & water powered grinding mills helped with agricultural production, but the yield was still minuscule by today's standards. They used the three field system- each season switched what fields were plowed. The lord oversaw major agricultural issues but delegated everyday overseeing to his stewards or bailiffs. Most peasants were serfs, they were bound to the land and to their lords for labor service a few days each week.

Most medieval towns were surrounded by fortified towns. Residences also sprang up outside the walls in the suburbs. Towns were dominated by a main church and a central marketplace. Buildings for the craft guilds and the wealthiest families would also be in the center of the town. Townspeople were free, but they still had a hierarchy: merchants at the top, skilled craftsman and artisans, then unskilled laborers and apprentices.

Sick

I wasn't in class today. I'm sick.

After Rome (500-700)

The Germanic Barbarians

Barbarian warlords & their families who assimilated into Roman culture became the "nobles" or aristocrats of medieval Europe

Germanic tribes who ruled former Roman lands sought to conquer & assimilate other barbarian peoples who lived beyond the frontiers & were still pagans

the Angles & Saxons invaded Britain & assimilated the native Britons

most of the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity in the 7th century

the most powerful Germanic tribe was the Franks

but the real power lay with the "mayors of the palace" who were royal officials & nobles themselves 

Meanwhile in the Roman Empire (from Eastern Europe to Byzantium)

the Eastern Roman Empire continued on while the wet was now divided by the barbarian tribes

when the emperor Justinian came to power in 527, he decided to reunite the entire Roman Empire by reconquering the western territories

Justinian succeeded for a time, but the land he re-took was soon conquered by new barbarians tribes & a massive plague depopulate much of the west

It's a Christian Empire Now

Greek Byzantine emperors saw themselves as Roman emperors & the heads of the Christian Church

Byzantine preserved Greco-Roman art, architecture, philosophy, & writing despite much of it being non-Christian

Justinian built the massive domed Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, considered to be the most glorious church on Earth at the time (still around today) (third version was built in 537)

Ostrogoths

Later know as the goths.
Kingdom in Italy in the late 5th & 6th centuries
Trade with Romans was highly developed
After the conquer of the Ostrogoths by the Huns, the Ostrogoths disappeared for 80 years then they reappeared in Panonia on the middle Danube River as federates of the Romans.

Notes from Today's Powerpoint

Diocletian

ruled from 284-303

army has 400,000 people

big government- 20,000

Constantine

ruled from 306-337

built a new capital in the East (Byzantium, aka Constantinople)

Life of the Peasants in the 4th Century

country dwellers are becoming bankrupt by endless tax collection

new farming system: peasants work for elite landlords on large farms

peasants can avoid paying taxes but they are getting hit just as hard by the landlords

paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-backing work

landowners hold local power as counts and bishops, wielding more real power than the faraway empire

foreshadowing feudalism 

Western Empire Crumbles

Rome's power is decreasing, while nomadic barbarians gain power

western Empire is too poor, begins to be neglected

Huns migrate from China to Eastern Europe

Visigoths take over Spain, and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410

Vandals control Carthage and the western Mediterranean

other Barbarian tribes: Ostrogoth in Italy, Franks in Gaul, Angles and Saxons in Britain

End of an Era

from the beginnings: 500 BC (the monarchy is abolished), 450 BC (12 tables are established)

glory days: 44 BC (end if the line for Julius Caesar), 27 BC-180 AD (Pax Romana)

end: constant 5th century invasions by barbarians tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbling, the last emperor was a teenage boy installed in 475 by his father, barbarians deposed Romulus Augustulus without bothering to kill him

Test!

Today in class we took a test. On almost all of the front page, which was one word answer questions, I didn't know the answers. There was one questions about the government officials and the answer was 20,000 and I had that but I second guessed myself and changed it to 542. I don't know where I got 542 from, it was just a random number that I thought might be correct. But I know am aware that it is not correct. But with most of the essay questions, a total of 35 points, I think I got all the points. I believe I did good with them. With the essay question about Constantines conversion, I even drew a picture so hopefully I'll get the full 20 points. I really need to do well on this test considering I have an 84 and that's horrible. I had a 95 but that dropped because of a bad test so hopefully this test will bring it so up!

Possible Questions for Test Tomorrow

What revelation did Constantine have? The cross above the sun with the words "conquer by this" on it at the Battle Milvian Bridge

What religion where the Christians forced to sacrifice too? Jupiter

Who lit the fire? They never found out

The new government under Diocletian had how many officials? 20,000

What were three to five problems in the Roman empire? Epidemic disease, couldn't defend the frontier against the Barbarians because it was too expensive, emperors lost the power, poverty

Who did Christianity appeal to? poor people because it gave them a second chance at life, appealed to people who are poorer (unlike other religions where God only loves the rich)

What did the Edict of Milan do? Tolerance of all religions declared by Constantine

What is an edict? an official law

Kelley and I taught the class

Today in class Mr. Schick let Kelley & I teach. It was originally just supposed to be me, but I wanted someone else to help me so I chose Kelley. We took up about one mod of the class by our teaching. We started out on Kelley's blog but she didn't have very good information so we switched and taught off of my blog. Mr. Schick said we did a really good job teaching. We covered all four of the edicts and talked about Constantine like how he became a Christian and what he did to help the Christians. I was supposed to bring in food but I forgot to so we didn't have any food.

The Roman Empire Struggles- Christianity

In the third century AD: epidemic disease spreads throughout the Empire, it’s too hard to defend frontier against the barbarians, emperors began to lose their hold in power (stayed in power for an average of two and a half years, due to wars or assignations), maintaining armies is expensive, too many poverty-stricken citizens.

284 AD- Diocletian’s reforms: increases the size of army to 400,000 (1/3 bigger than during Augustus’s time, recruited from the ranks of the barbarians), divided Roman territories into smaller provinces (this new government had 20,000 officials (10x bigger), they were more dedicated at collecting higher taxes-this greater yield provided for a larger army).

300 AD: 60 million people in the Roman empire, several million are Christians, Christianity has quite an appeal to the poor and disenfranchised, more Christians means more face to face contacts meaning more conversions leading to more offspring, some Christians are even gaining positions of power becoming the ruling elite.

Diocletian left Christians alone at first (ruled from 284-305), he undertook the most systematic persecution of all, Constantine ruled at emperor 306-337

Diocletian Persecution & Constantine

Diocletian Persecution

His initial accession in 284 didn't leave an immediate change to Christianity but it caused a gradual change. Diocletian purged the army of Christians and surrounded himself with public opponents of Christianity. 

First edict: February 23, 303, Diocletian ordered that the newly built Christian church at Nicomedia be razed, scriptures burned, and treasures seized. The edict ordered the destruction of Christian scriptures, liturgical books, places of worship across the empire, and prohibit Christians from worshiping. Christians were not allowed to go to court about any of these things happening.  Christian senators, equestrians, decurions, veterans, and soldiers had the positions taken away and imperial freedmen were re-slaved. He requested that no blood would be shed.

Second edict: summer of 303- ordered the arrest and imprisonment of all bishops and priests. There was no logical necessity of this second edict. Diocletian said he did it because the first edict was not working as quickly as wanted. Prisons began to fill.

Third edict: November 20, 303- any imprisoned clergy man could now be freed as long as he agrees to make a sacrifice to the gods. Some people were more willing than others to make a sacrifice sine it was considered unacceptable.

Fourth edict: 304- all persons (men, women, and children) to gather in a public space and offer a collective sacrifice. If you refused, you were executed. This edict was not enforced at all of the domains of Maximian and Constantius.

Constantine

Constantine, son of Constanitius, was against the persecution of the Christians. Constantine became Christian before a war when looked in the sky and he saw the words "Conquer by this" on a sun with a cross above the sun. On July 25, 306, he succeeded his father. He immediately ended all ongoing persecution and returned property that had been stolen. Constantine was seen as a possible liberator of oppressed Christians everywhere. First Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, over the ago of 40. He issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed tolerance of all religions throughout the empire, got all of your possessions and land back without charge, and rebuilt churches. Throughout his rule, he supported the Church financially, built basilicas, granted privileges to clergy, and promoted Christians to high office. Made a law so that Jews could not have Christian slaves.

an edict is an official law proclaimed by the highest authority

Christianity Notes

When Christianity first began it was somewhat like a cult. Most of what we know comes from the Gospels. Jesus was a Jewish preacher in Judea. Jesus taught that one must strive for perfection since God was perfect and Jesus sought out the imperfect in society. Jesus' followers believed he was the Messiah who had come to end the world and bring the truly faithful into the kingdom of God. Jesus was seen as a threat to Roman rule which caused him to be crucified. Apostles were the people who attempted to spread the word of his teachings. Paul of Tarsus was a Jew who became a follower of Jesus after a miraculous vision on the road to Damascus. Paul talked of "predestination" which meant that God chose who was to be saved & who was to be damned. Paul was well-traveled, he helped found churches in many places, and he kept in touch with these new Christians by letters (Corinth, Thessalonia, Rome, Ephesus).

Christianity Notes

We had a test today that nobody knew about. I think I did horrible. We also turned in our 500 word essay about Pax Romana that we had to do over the weekend. Mr Schick was mad that not very many people had creative titles, but I didn't know we had to have a creative title. After the test we had to read about Chrisitianity in Ancient Time and Jesus and other things about Jewish religion. I read the pages and took notes on them. Predestination is the doctrine that God determines in advance who will and saved and who will be damned. Apostles are Jesus's followers and messengers of his teachings. The gospels were written at a time when there was Jewish majority and believers in Jesus were turning against each other.

Essays

Mr. Schick announced that we are going to write a 500 word essay over the weekend about Roman Peace. We worked on it all day during class. My partner is Julia. We didn't get much work done in class, but that's okay becasue I'm planning to write our essay on Sunday. Julia helped by getting notes online and I got notes from the book. Julia put all of her notes in an outline so all I have to do is finish taking my notes from the book, add them to her notes, then write the final essay. It shouldn't take too long because most of the notes are finished.

Powerpoint Notes

Mr. Schick made a power point and he talked about it. We did this for about the whole class. We talked about Tibersius brother, Gacius a lot. Gacius was killed when Tiberius was killed by the Senate, along with supporters of Tiberius. Proletertians were the poorest thing you could be, you practically had nothing if you were one of these. They had no value and many times didn't even have a place to live because they had to give their farms up.

Graccus Brothers

We started the movie watching today at video 6 and we finished the rest of the movie. The continued with talking about Tiberius and how once he was elected as tribune, he tries to pass laws so that the people could vote. Octavian then vetoed this causing Tiberius to rebel against him and veto every law that was attempted to be passed. This pretty much continued for five minutes, they would just veto everything the other person said. This put the entire Roman government at a standstill. When Tiberius's term was up he went against the rules and ran again so he couldn't be executed, but this didn't work. The senate made up lies that Graccus was a tyrant, who was trying to gain all power and get rid of the Senate. This made the Senate mad and then they killed him, causing a civil war. Mr. Schick asked a question on wether or not we believed he was an actual tyrant. 

Granccus Brothers Movie

Today in class we watched a movie about the Granccus Brothers. Also Titanius and how he came into power. In the movie, the Geanccus brothers used to like Octavia but because Octavia was stealing things from the poor people, he began not to like him and didn't approve of him abusing his authority. The movie is split into smaller episodes, about five-ten minutes each. We got to about the fifth section or so then class ended.

Working Harder

On Friday we got our quizes back and Mr. Schick wasn't very happy with them. We got a big speech about how we should be trying harder and how he doesn't know what to do with us anymore because he's teaching a lot. My class averaged a 79%. Personally, I got an 84, four wrong, but I thought I did better.

Quizzz

We had a quiz/test today. I was the first one to finish. I think I got one or two wrong. After the quiz, we started homework. Well actually, most of us talked to each other while we were supposted to be doing homework.

Punic War Notes

• Punic Wars came form the work Poeni, the latin name for Phoenicians
• Rome won the first war by forcing Carthage out of Rome
• Rome is fighting as the home team, Carthage is a mercenary army (somewhat like the Persians)
• Carthage was located in Africa

Today in class we watched the remaining two minutes or so about the video and gladiator fighting. There weren't any special effects in the movie which is crazy considering about how many people fall or get injured, including the horses. Then people read from the book and we took notes on stuff from the book. Mr. Schick also added his own comments on what the book said and went further in depth about what the book was saying about the Punic Wars. Mr. Schick also suggested that the we would have a quest tomorrow (something between a quiz and a test). 

Notes from Class

• 3 Punic Wars- Carthage vs. Rome over Cicily
• Rome wins first & second war
• Hannibal (28 year old Carthage general)
• Carthage lost many soldiers and elephants by trying to cross the Alps to attack Rome
• Rome swamps Carthage and crushes it and kills every adult male they could find or put them in slavery
• Women could not always keep care of the farm land when their husbands were gone at war- rich people would offer to buy it from them
• latifundia-  rich put all of the land together that they bought and make one big farm and put the people who previously owned the land, to work
• Gracchus Brothers had an idea to for the rich to give back some of the land to the poor- the rich refused and killed one of the Gracchus Brothers- almost caused a civil war 
• one of the first government welfare were introduced to give the poor just enough food so they would survive and not revolt
• activities (gladiators, Colosseum, etc) were built to keep the poor entertained and from revolting
• Circus Maximum could hold 100,000 people
• the Gladiators that fought in the fights were criminals, christians, or animals 

Announcements about Video

Holly's group was the only group that finished their project completely. My group is almost finished, we just have to time everything. Holly did her group's project and it was really good. Mr. Schick announced that the project will count as extra credit because so many people have difficulties making it. I didn't have any issues personally.

More Video

Mr. Schick was in class for about five minutes then he left. We had a sub, it was Ms. Morphy Don. We continued to work on our project. My group finished all the pictures, but we didn't finish timing the music. I'm not sure if we have to finish the project for homework or not. The sub never said to finish it or not, so I have no idea. Our project has a total of 28 slides, which I think is a good amount. Some groups only have like ten, but other groups have like 50. I think 50 is too much because you won't actually get to see the pictures at all. So 28 is a good amount.

Rome Picture Video

Today in class, we worked in a group of three to create a video of a bunch of pictures that connected to the rap, Rome, Mr. Schick showed us a few weeks ago. My group was Julia and Kelley. In the beginning of class, the internet wasn't working so we couldn't do anything. But after about twenty minutes, it came back on so we were able to work. We converted the youtube song to a mp3 so I put the song into the windows movie maker. I added some picture, but I think I should add some more because I only have 14 pictures. But I got half way through with timing the pictures with the song so if I add pictures it'll be annoying to have to redo the timing. Also, we discovered that Maxwell looks a lot alike Macklemore.

LO2 Notes

•  generous when conquering lands- status of allies, kept local laws & government systems, and armies under Roman authority
• tightened control over the Italian peninsula- created a network of colonies of settlers from Rome
• allies began to demand full integration with Rome
• 250 BC- all of Italy south was controlled by Rome- caused a rival with Carthage
• Punic wars were on land and sea between 264 BC and 146 BC
• First phase of Punic War- Rome forced Carthage out of Sicily
• 2nd phase: Carthaginian general (Hannibal) invaded Italy, defeated several Roman armies, and brought Rome to the brink of defeat
• 202 BC- Carthage was disarmed and helpless
• Rome feared a Carthage revenge & made a third war and was defeated (146 BC)
• Rome sold the Carthage people into slavery and leveled the city
• Sicily, Spain, and Africa became the first Roman provinces- ruled as conquered lands, paid tribute, contributed "auxiliary" units of cavalry and light infantry, and provided opportunites for influential Roman citizens to build up private fortunes
• 27 BC- provinces began to share the Roman benefits
• 200 BC- amdasadors from various Greek city-states appealed to Rome for aid in resisting the king of Macedonia (Carthage ally)

Comic

Kelley and I worked on our comic together. I emailed you the link, thinking that is what we were supposed to do, but I reread your blog and realized we were required to put it on our blog so here it is again: http://Pixton.com/ic:f67pri2h.

Rome Rap

Today Mr Schick started class with a Rome Rap about the history of Rome. It was kinda funny but really weird but I liked it because it was different. He said we could record the song with our phones so I have a video of the rap on my phone that I can study with during the tests. Mr. Schick's daughter came and she also helped with the rap. It was to the beat of "Low" by Flo Rida but had words to match the history of Rome. Mr. Schick said that if we could remember the rap, we would do really well on the test because almost everything we need to know for the test was on the rap. So maybe one day, I'll right down the lyrics in a blog so I could have it for the tests.

Notes from LO1 (Roman Republic) That Mr. Schick Said to Know

• Romans imitated Greek civilization and improved on it (improved: government and warfare)
• Mediterranean land with farming resources that were similar to those of Greece or Palestine but able to support a larger population and army.
• Latins were the first to show up and settled at the mouth of the Tiber River. 
• Latins, Etruscans, and Greeks settled on present day Italy
• Romans got their way of writing (& lots of other knowledge) from the Greeks 
• Senate comes from the Latin word, senxes, meaning old man
• If a king died, the Senate chose who became the next king
• Tarquin the Proud (ruled like tyrant)- last King of Rome before it was overthrown 
• After Tarquin, Romans didn't want any single person to have to much power
• There are 2 consuls among the 300 senators who had more power than that rest (ran the meetings)
• There were 2 consuls because they could veto each others ideas 
• The consuls could only serve for one year and would have to wait ten years to serve again

LO1 The Roman Republic Notes

Some Latins settled near the Tiber River. Around 750 BC, the settlements joined to form a single city-state, Rome. The Etruscan (non-Indo-European immigrants who arrived in Italy in the 9th century BC and lived in Etruria) and the Greeks were influential on the growth of Roman Civilization. 

At first, Rome was ruled on the Etruscan model by powerful kings. The King was advised by a council of elders (Senate). The King chose the Senates among the patricians, 500 BC, Rome overthrew the Kings and the monarchy was destroyed. The government became the "people's business". The Roman Republic went through development under the influence of social struggles between aristocrats and commoners. On the aristocrat side of the argument were the patricians  on the commoners side was the plebeians. The Senate ran the "people's business". The consuls appointed the senators and successors  In times of emergency the consuls, on the advice of the Senate, could appoint a dictator. 

As Rome grew, Plebeians population grew & became wealthier. Plebeians put pressure on the Patricians by acts of passive resistance & threats to seceded and start a rival settlement. To resolve this, over 200, the Republic developed a government that maintained the leadership of the Senate and admitted the plebeians to power. 

One of the complaints of the Plebeians was the lack of legal protection because the laws were not written down. Around 450 BC, the laws of Rome were written down and engraved on 12 slabs of bronze or wood and mounted in the chief public square, called the Forum. 

New Plebeian assemblies formed and gained power. One of the new bodies, were Plebeians predominated, gained the right to elect consuls subject to confirmation by the Senate. The other body began electing tribunes. 250 BC, distinction between the two groups no longer involved politics and government, the Plebians were eligible for all public offices including the consul, admission to the Senate, and the right to marry into patrician families.  

The Roman Mixed government was influenced and still is. In order to become part of the Senate, he would have to work him way from a lower magistracies to a higher one. Many of the magistracies were elected. They also had to support clients. Clients were paid by a patron. 

Patricians: Upper-class citizens who belonged to the oldest and noblest Roman families

 Republic: the system of city-state government in which decision-making power was shared between the Senate and the assemblies of male citizens

 Plebeians: the Roman common people, including workers, small farmers, and wealthy people who were not patricians

Senate: a government assembly appointed by the king, and under the Republic by the consuls; originally all members were patricians, but in time wealthy plebeians were appointed as well

Consuls: two senators who led the government and military for one year terms and appointed their own successors

 Dictator: a single leader with full decision-making powers, appointed for a maximum six-month term during times of emergency

Tribunes: Magistrates elected by the plebeians, who eventually gained the power to initiate and veto laws.

Clients: a person who provides personal services in return for money and protection from a patron.

Patron: a wealthy person who supports others with money and protection in exchange for personal services

Pontiff: one of the Republic's leading priest
Paterfamilias: the "family father" who had unlimited power over his household
Matron: title of honor given to a married woman in ancient Rome

Continued Notes on Presentations

Today we took notes on the groups that needed to finish giving their presentations. We were supposed to have a quiz tomorrow about Alexander the Great but since we didn't have school yesterday and most of the classes didn't meet today, our quiz isn't going to be until we return from spring break! I didn't bring by book home with notes, so tomorrow or some time over break, I'm going to post all of my notes about Alexander the Great to help me for the quiz. We watched a movie (not a documentary) about Alexander the Great for about five minutes then the bell rang so I left.

Presentations

Today in class some people presented there power points that we worked on earlier. Since my group was group number two, we were the second people to go. I think we did pretty good. I took notes on the other groups presentations that went but I forgot it at school so I'll write the notes in my blog another day so I can have them for the tests. But I do remember some of the things about Olympia (Alexander the Greats mom). She seemed kind of weird. She had King Phillips other son killed so Alexander would be guaranteed to become the ruler. I thought this was kind of strange.

Extra Assignment

Because so many people were asking for extra credit, Mr. Schick decided to do an extra 50 point assignment. It is a PowerPoint on Alexander the Great. When we counted off, I was number 2. The people in my group are Kelley and Ally. We have a good group. Our project was based on his early years, there were three different sections for our group so it worked out perfectly. My portion was his education. He was tutored by three different tutors. One of the tutors was Aristotle. We finished our project in class so we didn't have anything else to do. But tomorrow I'm probably gonna go over our work and make sure it's good so we can get the point!

Reading from the Textbook

Today in class we took notes from the textbook while some people read ou loud. I wanted to highlight in my book so I borrowed a highlighter but I had to give Mr Schick my shoe so I would remember to give the highlighter back. We didn't get very far in reading from the book. I think we only read about two pages. We also discussed the blog from yesterday like why Athens lost the war vs Sparta, what Hellenistic meant and what happened during certain years. I also updated the map of Macedonia on my blog from yesterday because the map I had wouldn't have been helpful for tests but the one I have now I hope is more helpful.

Hellenistic Era

Hellenistic Era is when the Greek civilization was leading the international culture and their way of life influenced by the people they ruled. Hellenistic itself refers to the "international" period of Greek history, when most of the Mediterranean and southwest Asia was under Greek rule. In 359 BC, King Phillip 2 of Macedonia comes to power and wants to take control of Greece. King Phillip 2, wanted control of Greece to lead the Greeks and Macedonians in a united force against Persia, who was weakening.

Athens lost the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC under rule of Pericles) because after the second Persian war, Sparta dropped out of the fighting. Athens formed alliances with the Aegean coasts and islands, the people would donate money for the triremes. When Anatolia became free from Persian rule, Athens still demanded the allies to donate money. The allies became angry with Athens and asked the Spartans to be on their side and attack Athens in a naval war. The conflict was brought on because "the Athenians had grown great and inspired fear in the Spartans, thereby compelling them to war. In the beginning o the war, Athens and Piraeus formed a single stronghold while showing cautions and a strategy. Athens used their navy to guard the sea routes so they could get grain and so they could attack Sparta and the allies. Athens eventually fell to Sparta and gave them their outlying possessions  got rid of their defenses, and became forced allies of Sparta. Sparta had also lost a lot of men and resources, so when Athens tried to return to a democracy and have independence  Sparta could not stop them. Overall, Athens lost the war because they became greedy with their power and caused the other city-states to attack. (top of page 81 for more reasons)

Notes for Test

Random Facts to Know

·         3/4 of Athens was mountains= lots of water travel

·         Olives were good resources- olive oil was good for trade

·         pottery people were at the bottom of society

·         Ostracize: being banned from Athens

·         Gathered at the agora every nine days to vote on things

·         Greeks: freedom; Persia: obidence

·         Delian league – bunch of organized city states

·         Triemes were the best/most advanced weapon

·         Speeches during court were timed by a water clock

·         Hubrious- people in power who are arrogant, thinking they can get away with anything

·         Phalis wrote the first book about navigation

·         Sparta won the Peloponician war because Athens had no leader with a set plan- Athens blamed Socrates for the loss

·         Darius was the Persian king

Important Dates to Know

• 6th century BC: aristocrats controlled Athens
• 508 BC: Athens had a revolution after Isagoris took power. Isagoris surrendered. FIRST TIME IN RECORDED HISTORY THERE WAS A REVOLT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. Athens turned to Cleithehes for help.
• 776 BC: first Olympics (anyone could compete)
• 490 BC: Phildephies ran to warn Athens the Persians were coming. He then ran to Sparta to ask for them to help defeat Persia- Sparta declined. He ran 140 miles in two days
• 1600 – 1200 BC: prosper of The Mycenaean Civilizations
• 1150 – 750 BC: Dark Ages
• 776 BC: The first Olympics occurred, according to tradition.
• 750 – 700 BC: Homer’s verses (Iliad and the Odyssey) were first composed
• 508 BC: Isagoras (bad tyrant) seizes power. The people don’t like him, a revolution occurs for the first time in known history.
• 490 BC: The Battle of Marathon (First Persian invasion of Greece) occurred which gave the Athenians a new sense of power and potential.
• 480 BC: Athens Evacuated and the Persian armada was devastated. The Battle of Salamis (Athens got Persia to go in a small space where they became trapped on the water and were able to beat them) occurred which caused the city to be rebuilt. An Athenian guy acted as a double spy to benefit Athens.

·         461 – 429 BC: Age of Pericles

·         447 – 438 BC: The Parthenon construction

·         431 – 404 BC: Peloponnesian War: Athens built walls around the city to protect them from Sparta

·         399 BC: The Trial of Socrates occurred and he was charged of impiety and corrupting the city’s youth.

·         336 BC: Lyceum school was founded by Plato in Athens

·         416 BC: Crete asked Sparta for protection from the attacks by Athens

·         483 BC: Athens discover silver

·         486 BC: King Daius died- son wants to continue his father’s mission to conquer Athens

Perisa vs Athens (1^st war)

·         Athens was outnumbered 2-1

·         Ordinary people and Heploits fought to beat Persia

·         Athens won- had more people fighting for a purpose

Perisa vs Athens (2^nd war)

·         Darius’s son is in charge

·         2 million men for Persia

·         480 BC: Persia army leaves for Athens

·         Athens turned to their gods for help

·         Athens avoided conflict and fought at sea

·         Persia burned Acropolis and other temples

·         Greek ships destroyed Perisan fleet

·         Persians lost 200 ships

·         Greek victory- Pericles takes over

Darius

·         tyrant, king to the Persian

·         people had to cover their mouth in his presence

Pisitartus

·         Needed allies to reamin in power over Athens for generations- went to the common people for help

·         Reduced taxes and introduced laosn

·         Increases prosperity

·         527- died- Hippyass took over (his son)

·         Tyrant because he became paranoid after his brother was murdered

·         Overthrown and banished from Atthens

Themistocles

·         Didn’t have a typical aristocrat upbringing

·         Learned leadership by going to the agora

·         One of Athens greatest leaders

·         Warned Athens that Persia might be coming back again, with more people

·         Wanted to spend $ on ships

·         Evacuated Athens for the 1^st time

·         His plans where to get Persia to fight at the sea (2^nd war)

·         Banned from Athens even though he was the reason Athens won the war

Cleithehes

·         570 BC: born an aristocrat

·         Inspired by ancient stories and myths

·         510 BC: took over power of Athens

·         Took over power again after Isagoris surrenders- allowed the people to control the government

·         Had an agora built so people could have a place to vote

Isagoris vs Cleithehes (for power of Athens)

·         Isagoris got help from his friends at Sparta to defeat Cleithehes. Cleithehes left Athens & Isagoris took over

Pericles

·         Took over Athens after second Persian war

·         Wanted dominant power over eastern Mediterranean

·         Democracy

·         Voted people to be ostracized

·         Killed by plague

·         429 BC: Pericles died after 6 months with plague

·         After he died, there was a fight for power over Athens

·         Athens never had a leader with a good plan for success after he died

Socrates

·         Questioned the assumption of Athenian life

·         “the unexamined life is not worth living”

·         Died by drinking hemlock- very painful

·         Arrested for undermining the state religion and corrupting the youth

·         Trials was at the Atheian agora in front of a jury

·         The voting was within 30 points of life/death

·         If he would’ve apologized- would’ve life- instead asked for free dinners for life because of how great he was

Plague

·         Brought to Athens- spread like crazy because the people were trapped inside the city walls to protect themselves from Sparta (no one won the war)

·         Killed 1/3 of Athens

·         The democracy turned into a mob because no one was in power (Pericles = dead)

·         Socrates tried to stop the fighting- failed

Test Monday

We have a test monday so some time tomorrow I'm going to post alllll of my notes for this section so I can make sure I get a good grade on the test to bring my grade up. I have an 86% right now because of the test but Mr. Schick hasn't updated the blogs and I've done all the blogs so my grade should go up and if it doesn't I'm going to be upset. But on Friday we went over the test we got back. I got a 20/20 on the essay portion which I was happy of but I didn't do to good on the short answer or the mulitple choice.

Controversial Debates

Mr. Schick said we would get our tests back today, but we didn't. He said we would get them at our next class (Friday). We watched about twenty minutes of the movie, mainly about Socrates. Then we had a "Socrates discussion" We picked a controversial topic that's currently happening in present day USA. We started to discuss gay marriage and whether or not it was moral and should be illegal. When I answered, Mr. Schick said I didn't answer well enough because all I said was that there marriage doesn't effect me at all, so they should be able to do what they want. Mr. Schick said Socrates would dissapprove of my answer because it involved no deeper thinking or understanding.

Movie, Movie, Movie

We didn't get our tests back today but we should be getting it back tomorrow. We watched the movie and took notes. I have more notes I need to add to the post about Greece, but I'll do that another day. I got the notes I missed on Friday from Savannah and copied them into my notebook, so I'm all caught up! The part of the movie we watched today was about Socarates and since Athens lost the huge, long lasting war against Persia, Athens needed someone to blame so they decided to blame Socrates and he was put to death by poision for corruption of the youth and something else but I don't remember.

Review about Movie

Because on Friday Mr. Schick wasn't there, he had the people that were there talk about how far they got in the movie. We also watched a little of the movie but not a lot. Monday is the really long class so Mr. Schick explained/told stories of some of the topics in the movie. Class went by quickly though considering what we went over. Mr. Schick said we would get our tests back tomorrow. We took the tests like two weeks ago, but it's okay, we will get it back eventually.

Field Trip

I wasn't in class Friday because I was on the English field trip

Notes from Greece Movie

Today in class we watched more of the movie that we've watched all of this week and part of last week. I finally remembered my notebook so I'm going to type all my notes so I have them for the test if we can use our blogs. Okay so these are the notes I have:

• reading/writing was rare
• life expectancy was 15 years
• 3/4 of Athens was mountains= lots of water travel
• impossible for a single ruler to rule all of Greece- formed many city states
• Spartan men were raised to be part of the military
• Red cloaks were used to blend in blood
• Olives were good resources- olive oil was good for trade
• Eastern Mediterrean was the best place for trading
• pottery people were at the bottom of society
• 776 BC: first olympics
• Olympics: anyone could compete for greatness
• Ostracize: being banned from Athens
• White pebble meant yes, black meant no
• Gathered at the agora every nine days to vote on things
• Greeks: freedom; Persia: obidence
• Triemes were the best/most advanced weapon

• Pisitratus needed allies to remain in power over Athens for generations- went to the common people for help
• Pisitratus reduced taxes and introduced loan
• Pisitratus increased prosperity
• 527 BC: Pisistratus died- Hippyass took over (son)

• Hippyass was a tyrant who became paranoid after his brother was murdered
• Hippyass was overthrown and banished from Athens

• 570 BC: Cleisthehes was born, aristocrat
• Cleisthehes was inspired by ancient stories & myths
• 510BC: Cleithehes took over power
• Cleithehes took over power again after Isagoris surrendors- allowed the people to control the government
• Cleithehes had an agora built so there could be a place where people could vote

• Themistocles didn't have a typical aristocrat childhood. 
• Themistocles learned leadership by going to the voting meetings
• Themistocles was one of the greatest Athenian leaders 
• Themistocles warned Athens that Persia might be coming back again, stronger than before 

• 6th century BC: aristocrats controlled Athens
• 508 BC: Athens had a revolution after Isagoris took power. Isagoris surrendered. FIRST TIME IN RECORDED HISTORY THERE WAS A REVOLT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. Athens turned to Cleithehes for help.
• 490 BC: Phildephies ran to warn Athens the Persians were coming. He then ran to Sparta to ask for them to help defeat Persia- Sparta declined. He ran 140 miles in two days

• Persian Empire had the strongest army
• Draius (tyrant) was the king to the Persians aka "The Great King"
• People had to cover there mouth when they came in Draius presence

• SPARTA vs. ATHENS 
• ISAGORIS vs. CLEISTHEHES (for power of Athens): Isagoris got help from Sparta to defeat Cleisthehes. Cleisthehes left Athens & Isagoris took over
• PERSIA vs. ATHENS: Athens was outnumbered 2-1. Heploits were the trained Athenian army. Many ordinary people from Athens helped to come fight. ATHENS WON because Athens had more will to fight because they were fighting for their country while the Persian Army (20,000 people) was fighting because they were told too.