Notes for Test

Random Facts to Know

·         3/4 of Athens was mountains= lots of water travel

·         Olives were good resources- olive oil was good for trade

·         pottery people were at the bottom of society

·         Ostracize: being banned from Athens

·         Gathered at the agora every nine days to vote on things

·         Greeks: freedom; Persia: obidence

·         Delian league – bunch of organized city states

·         Triemes were the best/most advanced weapon

·         Speeches during court were timed by a water clock

·         Hubrious- people in power who are arrogant, thinking they can get away with anything

·         Phalis wrote the first book about navigation

·         Sparta won the Peloponician war because Athens had no leader with a set plan- Athens blamed Socrates for the loss

·         Darius was the Persian king

Important Dates to Know

• 6th century BC: aristocrats controlled Athens
• 508 BC: Athens had a revolution after Isagoris took power. Isagoris surrendered. FIRST TIME IN RECORDED HISTORY THERE WAS A REVOLT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. Athens turned to Cleithehes for help.
• 776 BC: first Olympics (anyone could compete)
• 490 BC: Phildephies ran to warn Athens the Persians were coming. He then ran to Sparta to ask for them to help defeat Persia- Sparta declined. He ran 140 miles in two days
• 1600 – 1200 BC: prosper of The Mycenaean Civilizations
• 1150 – 750 BC: Dark Ages
• 776 BC: The first Olympics occurred, according to tradition.
• 750 – 700 BC: Homer’s verses (Iliad and the Odyssey) were first composed
• 508 BC: Isagoras (bad tyrant) seizes power. The people don’t like him, a revolution occurs for the first time in known history.
• 490 BC: The Battle of Marathon (First Persian invasion of Greece) occurred which gave the Athenians a new sense of power and potential.
• 480 BC: Athens Evacuated and the Persian armada was devastated. The Battle of Salamis (Athens got Persia to go in a small space where they became trapped on the water and were able to beat them) occurred which caused the city to be rebuilt. An Athenian guy acted as a double spy to benefit Athens.

·         461 – 429 BC: Age of Pericles

·         447 – 438 BC: The Parthenon construction

·         431 – 404 BC: Peloponnesian War: Athens built walls around the city to protect them from Sparta

·         399 BC: The Trial of Socrates occurred and he was charged of impiety and corrupting the city’s youth.

·         336 BC: Lyceum school was founded by Plato in Athens

·         416 BC: Crete asked Sparta for protection from the attacks by Athens

·         483 BC: Athens discover silver

·         486 BC: King Daius died- son wants to continue his father’s mission to conquer Athens

Perisa vs Athens (1^st war)

·         Athens was outnumbered 2-1

·         Ordinary people and Heploits fought to beat Persia

·         Athens won- had more people fighting for a purpose

Perisa vs Athens (2^nd war)

·         Darius’s son is in charge

·         2 million men for Persia

·         480 BC: Persia army leaves for Athens

·         Athens turned to their gods for help

·         Athens avoided conflict and fought at sea

·         Persia burned Acropolis and other temples

·         Greek ships destroyed Perisan fleet

·         Persians lost 200 ships

·         Greek victory- Pericles takes over

Darius

·         tyrant, king to the Persian

·         people had to cover their mouth in his presence

Pisitartus

·         Needed allies to reamin in power over Athens for generations- went to the common people for help

·         Reduced taxes and introduced laosn

·         Increases prosperity

·         527- died- Hippyass took over (his son)

·         Tyrant because he became paranoid after his brother was murdered

·         Overthrown and banished from Atthens

Themistocles

·         Didn’t have a typical aristocrat upbringing

·         Learned leadership by going to the agora

·         One of Athens greatest leaders

·         Warned Athens that Persia might be coming back again, with more people

·         Wanted to spend $ on ships

·         Evacuated Athens for the 1^st time

·         His plans where to get Persia to fight at the sea (2^nd war)

·         Banned from Athens even though he was the reason Athens won the war

Cleithehes

·         570 BC: born an aristocrat

·         Inspired by ancient stories and myths

·         510 BC: took over power of Athens

·         Took over power again after Isagoris surrenders- allowed the people to control the government

·         Had an agora built so people could have a place to vote

Isagoris vs Cleithehes (for power of Athens)

·         Isagoris got help from his friends at Sparta to defeat Cleithehes. Cleithehes left Athens & Isagoris took over

Pericles

·         Took over Athens after second Persian war

·         Wanted dominant power over eastern Mediterranean

·         Democracy

·         Voted people to be ostracized

·         Killed by plague

·         429 BC: Pericles died after 6 months with plague

·         After he died, there was a fight for power over Athens

·         Athens never had a leader with a good plan for success after he died

Socrates

·         Questioned the assumption of Athenian life

·         “the unexamined life is not worth living”

·         Died by drinking hemlock- very painful

·         Arrested for undermining the state religion and corrupting the youth

·         Trials was at the Atheian agora in front of a jury

·         The voting was within 30 points of life/death

·         If he would’ve apologized- would’ve life- instead asked for free dinners for life because of how great he was

Plague

·         Brought to Athens- spread like crazy because the people were trapped inside the city walls to protect themselves from Sparta (no one won the war)

·         Killed 1/3 of Athens

·         The democracy turned into a mob because no one was in power (Pericles = dead)

·         Socrates tried to stop the fighting- failed